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Ideally, assault boats are fast, are painted a plain color, and give the pilot an unobstructed view in all directions. FBI officials said that not all boats are suitable for a tactical assault. Their concerns focused on the need for a SWAT team to practice as a unit, using the same boats and the same boat pilots it would use during an actual incident. Some FBI officials have expressed concern about FBI SWAT teams’ reliance on the Coast Guard for transport to an incident. Without its own boats, these SWAT teams would have to rely on the Coast Guard for transport to an incident.įBI SWAT Team Hooks and Climbs During an Exercise Because the hook and climb technique requires a boat, 13 FBI field offices have obtained between one and four boats each. Under extreme circumstances, a SWAT team could use the hook and climb technique to assault a moving ship. However, the SWAT team needs a boat to reach the target vessel. The hook and climb method can also be used on vessels that are adrift. The assaulting team can either use the gang plank or “hook and climb,” a technique in which a grappling hook attached to a flexible wire ladder is thrown onto the side of a ship and the assault team climbs the ladder to get on deck. 9Īccording to FBI officials, an FBI SWAT team has two methods of assaulting a ship that is docked. According to officials of the FBI’s Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG), most FBI SWAT teams do not possess the skills and equipment needed to accomplish these tasks. Second, the team must navigate and fight its way to strategic locations on the vessel. According to FBI officials, assaulting a vessel containing terrorists who oppose the boarding poses unique challenges for the assaulting force and most FBI SWAT teams do not have the capability to overcome these challenges. After responding to the incident, the SWAT team and FBI field office management will assess the situation and determine if they have the capability to deal with the threat. Upon notification of an imminent maritime threat or incident, an FBI special agent in charge can dispatch a local field office’s SWAT team.
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The enhanced maritime training will focus primarily on water safety techniques and the unique aspects of tactical operations in the maritime arena. The additional training will provide the 14 SWAT teams with a limited maritime capability for emergency purposes and allow those teams to work effectively with the MSSTs. The enhanced maritime SWAT teams are to receive additional maritime training and maritime equipment. In September 2005, in an effort to enhance joint FBI/Coast Guard tactical efforts, the FBI created 14 enhanced maritime SWAT teams, nearly all of which are located in the FBI field office closest to one of the Coast Guard’s 13 Maritime Safety and Security Teams (MSST). Some teams receive somewhat more training and equipment than others, but all have a limited maritime capability in comparison to the FBI’s HRT, discussed in more detail below.
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However, the MOTR issued in October 2005 is an interim plan, which FBI officials say does not clearly delineate the roles of the Coast Guard and the FBI and therefore raises concern about potential confusion over authorities and incident command in the event of a terrorist attack in the maritime domain.Įach of the FBI’s 56 field offices has a SWAT team, and the teams receive basic training in areas that are useful for operating in the maritime domain including water safety, limited climbing techniques, and exposure to close quarters battle tactics. Officials from both agencies also agreed that the Maritime Operational Threat Response (MOTR) plan, one of the plans supporting the implementation of the National Strategy for Maritime Security, should resolve any such issues. Officials at the FBI and the Coast Guard agreed that the Act may have created some overlapping responsibilities between the two agencies. laws in the maritime domain, a role that received an added terrorism component with the passage of the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002. The Coast Guard also has significant responsibility for enforcing U.S. FBI SWAT teams, Hostage Rescue Team (HRT), and Hazardous Devices Response Unit (HDRU) may all be involved in responding to a maritime-based terrorist attack. Response to terrorist threats or incidents in the maritime domain presents unique challenges to the FBI and any other responding agency.